Physicist
Died 25 April 1972.
John Arnold Cranston was a graduate of the University who collaborated with Frederick Soddy and Alexander Fleck in establishing the concept of isotopes. He is credited as one of the discoverers of the element Protoactinium (later named Protactinium).
Born in Shanghai, the son of a water engineer, Cranston studied at the University and graduated BSc in 1912. He worked with Soddy as a researcher in the Department of Chemistry until Soddy went to the University of Aberdeen in 1914. In 1915 he went to fight in France with the Royal Scots Fusiliers and later as a gas officer with the 30th Division.
In 1918, Soddy announced the results of the investigations into 231-Pa Protoactinium, at the same time as a group of scientists who had been working independently in Germany. It is said that Cranston had completed his investigations by 1915, but had left his equipment and the first samples of the element locked in a cupboard at his house when he went off to war in 1915. His DSc thesis entitled An investigation of some connecting links in the disintegration series of uranium and thoriumin was published in 1920. He continued to publish throughout his career but his most influential work remained The Structure of Matter, published in 1924.
Cranston was appointed a lecturer at the Royal College of Science and Technology (now the University of Strathclyde) in 1919, where he worked until his retirement in 1957. He was given an honorary LLD in 1963. He died in 1972.
University Link: Alumnus
GU Degrees: BSc, 1912; DSc, 1920; LLD, 1963;
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Chemist
Born 2 September 1877.
Died 22 September 1956.
Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) was a chemist who lectured at the University of Glasgow before the First World War, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921.
Born in Eastbourne on 2 September 1877, he was the youngest son of Benjamin and Hannah Soddy. He was educated at private schools and then attended Eastbourne College (1892-94), University College of Wales, Aberystwyth (1894-1895) and the University of Oxford, where he gained Postmastership at Merton College and graduated with first class honours in 1898.
Soddy worked as a research assistant at Oxford until 1900, when he then spent two years at McGill University in Canada, lecturing in Chemistry and working with Sir Ernest Rutherford on radioactivity, and then with Sir William Ramsay at University College, London. He moved to Glasgow in 1904 as a lecturer in Physical Chemistry and Radioactivity, and it was during his ten years at the University that he completed his most important research into the chemistry of radioactive elements.
Working with collaborators including the laboratory assistant Alexander Fleck (who later rose to become Chairman of ICI), Soddy developed the "Displacement Law" - that, "when an alpha or beta ray is emitted, the element moves to a different place in the periodic table." In 1913 he formulated the concept of "radio elements chemically non-separable" which, at the suggestion of Dr Margaret Todd, a fellow guest at a dinner party in his father-in-law's house at 11 University Gardens, he named "isotopes".
Soddy left the University in 1914 to the Chair of Chemistry at the University of Aberdeen, and in 1919 became Dr Lee’s Professor of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Oxford, a post that he held until his retirement in 1936.
During his career he achieved a number of honours. In 1910 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, and as mentioned above in 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of isotopes. He was the first English-born Chemist to receive this honour. In 1923 he was awarded the Cannizzaro Prize in Rome, and in 1936 he was awarded an Honorary LLD by the University of Aberdeen, and was also made a Foreign Member of the Swedish, Italian and Russian Academies of Science.
Soddy died in Brighton on 22 September 1956, aged 79. By his will, he established the Frederick Soddy Trust to provide grants to "groups studying the whole life of a community."
University Link: Honorary Graduate, Lecturer
GU Degree: LLD, 1934;
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